Unit 5, Chapter 10,11, and 12 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Unit 5, Chapter 10,11, and 12 - Coursework Example Bartol, in her book Management: A pacific edge center, outlines a procedure of progress the executives in eight stages. The issue of having ill-disposed connections that are demonstrated to be counterproductive and adverse to the activities inside the association must be recognized. Just by perceiving this is actually a difficult that must be tended to, would solutions be able to be resolved to take care of the issue. So as to reinforcement the arranged change, the most remarkable backers, for the most part the key individuals, who are the officials, are to be educated about the arranged change, and to assemble their help all together for the change to be imparted to the remainder of the organization. In this part, the vision of changing the hierarchical structure must be created and imparted, first to those individuals who can go around the data. In building up a dream, it could be useful to include the remainder of the organization all together for them not to feel like the vision is a top-down order. It is to empower them to know the circumstance of the organization and to want to be progressively required what exactly is going on, which makes them increasingly responsive to the progressions that will be authorized in accordance with the vision. By giving the best possible power to individuals who are equipped for conveying the ideal vision about the change in authoritative structure, these individuals will have better opportunity to showcase the vision. This may involve picking the correct individuals to direct workshops and trainings to educate different representatives about the changes, and structure a specific framework to make these changes. Workers ought to be urged to showcase the vision and hold fast to the progressions that are occurring inside the organization. For this situation, advancing cross-practical groups would involve chopping down procedures that are expected hindrances. Since this major basic change would require leveling the association, as different procedures would be chopped down, a ton of positions accompany them. This would make obstruction progressively extreme

United States Vs. India Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

US Vs. India - Essay Example The pace of joblessness as indicated by the CIA Factbook was 9.5% in 2009 and 9.1% in 2008 in India. When contrasted with the USA, the joblessness rate is fundamentally the same as for the year 2009 as the nation had 9.4% joblessness yet in 2008, the rate was 5.8%. The ascent in joblessness in the ongoing years in US has been brought about by the monetary conditions and the sub-prime emergency. General Motors declared financial insolvency in 2009 and numerous different organizations which utilized an enormous extent of the populace likewise shut down. Numerous organizations made lay-offs to decrease costs as their items were not being sold in the market. Numerous market analysts state that the joblessness that the US faces is regular and will improve with time. The expansion rate in the US at shopper costs was - 0.7% in 2009 and 3.8% in 2008 (CIA, 2010). Interestingly, India had a swelling pace of 9.8% in 2009 and 8.3% in 2008 (CIA, 2010). The pace of swelling is high in India when contrasted with the USA which was negative for the most recent year. This high expansion rate in India represents the popularity of items in the nation and the low rate in US represents the low interest and higher creation in the economy. The US is the biggest center point of innovation on the planet with per capita GDP of US$ 46,900 where as the Indian economy has per capita GDP of US$ 3,100 starting at 2009 (CIA, 2010). Both these nations determine a large portion of the GDP from the administrations area and have monetary progression arrangements. India has become a notable exporter of programming items and has an edge of low work cost. Albeit the greater part of the work power is independently employed in the horticultural business in India, yet the division just records for 17% of the net gain of the nation. The US just infers 1.2% of its absolute income from horticultural part and 71 % of the income from the administrations area (CIA, 2010). USA has been struck hard by the overall financial downturn and the nation itself

Understanding Borderline Personality Disorder Triggers

Understanding Borderline Personality Disorder Triggers BPD Print Understanding Borderline Personality Disorder Triggers By Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD, is a clinical psychologist and associate professor of psychology at Eastern Connecticut State University. Learn about our editorial policy Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on June 07, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on November 14, 2018 Ghislain Marie David de Lossy / Getty Images More in BPD Diagnosis Treatment Living With BPD Related Conditions Most people with borderline personality disorder (BPD) have triggers, that is, particular events or situations that exacerbate or intensify their symptoms. BPD triggers can vary from person to person, but there are some types of triggers that are very common in BPD.?? Defining a Trigger You may have heard the term trigger before but are not sure exactly what this means. Usually, a trigger refers to some event that brings on a major exacerbation of BPD symptoms. This event can be external, as in something that happens outside of yourself, or internal, meaning something that happens in your mind, like a thought or memory. Immediately following a trigger, one or more of your BPD symptoms may intensify significantly. Triggers are events that make you feel as if your symptoms are going off the charts. Relationship Triggers The most common BPD triggers are relationship triggers or interpersonal distress. Many people with BPD experience intense fear and anger, impulsive behavior, self-harm, and even suicidality in the wake of relationship events that make them feel either rejected, criticized, or abandoned. This is a phenomenon called abandonment or rejection sensitivity. For example, you may feel triggered when you leave a message for a friend and do not receive a call back. Perhaps after placing the call, you wait a few hours, and then start having thoughts like, Shes not calling back, she must be mad at me. These thoughts may spiral from there into things like, She probably hates me, or Ill never have a friend who sticks by my side. With these spiraling thoughts come spiraling symptoms, such as intense emotions, anger, and urges to self-harm. Cognitive Triggers Sometimes you may be triggered by internal events, such as thoughts that can seemingly come out of the blue. This is particularly true for people who have BPD related to traumatic events like  child abuse. For example, a memory or image of a past experience, like a traumatic event or a loss, can trigger intense emotions and other BPD symptoms. The memory does not necessarily need to be a distressing one to trigger symptoms. Some people are triggered by memories of good times from the past, which can sometimes be a reminder that things are not as good now.?? How to Manage BPD Triggers Triggers are highly individual, so the first step in managing triggers is to know the particular events, situations, thoughts, or memories that trigger your outbursts of anger or impulsiveness. To determine what your triggers are, try this exercise. It can help you identify and deal with your worst triggers. Once youve learned your most troubling triggers, you have a couple of options. First, you can figure out whether a particular trigger can be avoided. For example, if you know that watching a certain movie always triggers you, you can choose to not watch that movie. Many triggers, however, cant be avoided so easily. If you find that some of your triggers cannot be avoided, you can make a plan for coping  that includes developing an action plan, seeing a therapist, and learning to gradually approach your triggers. A therapist can help you learn to express your emotions in a way that doesnt push the people you love away, which leaves you feeling abandoned or rejected, and thus triggered.

How to Write a Persuasive Essay

When writing a persuasive essay, the authors goal is to sway the reader to share his or her opinion. It can be more difficult than  making an argument, which involves using facts to prove a point. A successful persuasive essay will reach the reader on an emotional level, much the way a well-spoken politician does. Persuasive speakers arent necessarily trying to convert the reader or listener to completely change their minds, but rather to consider an idea or a focus in a different way. While its important to use credible arguments supported by facts, the persuasive writer wants to convince the reader or listener that his or her argument is not simply correct, but convincing as well. The are several different ways to choose a topic for your persuasive essay. Your teacher may give you a prompt or a choice of several prompts. Or you may have to come up with a topic, based on your own experience or the texts youve been studying. If you do have some choice in the topic selection, its helpful if you select one that interests you and about which you already feel strongly. Another key factor to consider before you begin writing is the audience. If youre trying to persuade a roomful of teachers that homework is bad, for instance, youll use a different set of arguments than you would if the audience was made up of high school students or parents. Once you have the topic and have considered the audience, there are a few steps to prepare yourself before you begin writing your persuasive essay: Brainstorm.  Use whatever method of brainstorming works best for you. Write down your thoughts about the topic. Make sure you know where you stand on the issue. You can even try asking yourself some questions. Ideally, youll try to ask yourself questions that could be used to refute your argument, or that could convince a reader of the opposite point of view. If you dont think of the opposing point of view, chances are your instructor or a member of your audience will.Investigate.  Talk to classmates, friends, and teachers about the topic. What do they think about it? The responses that you get from these people will give you a preview of how they would respond to your opinion. Talking out your ideas, and testing your opinions, is a good way to collect evidence. Try making your arguments out loud. Do you sound shrill and angry, or determined and self-assured? What you say is as important as how you say it.Think.  It may seem obvious, but you really have to think about how you a re going to persuade your audience. Use a calm, reasoning tone. While persuasive essay writing is at its most basic an exercise in emotion, try not to choose words that are belittling to the opposing viewpoint, or that rely on insults. Explain to your reader why, despite the other side of the argument, your viewpoint is the right, most logical one.Find examples.  There are many writers and speakers who offer compelling, persuasive arguments. Martin Luther King Jr.s I Have a Dream speech is widely cited as one of the most persuasive arguments in American rhetoric. Eleanor Roosevelts The Struggle for Human Rights is another example of a skilled writer trying to persuade an audience. But be careful: While you can emulate a certain writers style, be careful not to stray too far into imitation. Be sure the words youre choosing are your own, not words that sound like theyve come from a thesaurus (or worse, that theyre someone elses words entirely).Organize.  In any paper that you writ e you should make sure that your points are well-organized and that your supporting ideas are clear, concise, and to the point. In persuasive writing, though, it is especially important that you use specific examples to illustrate your main points. Dont give your reader the impression that you are not educated on the issues related to your topic. Choose your words carefully.Stick to the script.  The best essays follow a simple set of rules: First, tell your reader what youre going to tell them. Then, tell them. Then, tell them what youve told them. Have a strong, concise thesis statement before you get past the second paragraph, because this is the clue to the reader or listener to sit up and pay attention.Review and revise.  If you know youre going to have more than one opportunity to present your essay, learn from the audience or reader feedback, and continue to try to improve your work. A good argument can become a great one if properly fine-tuned.

Top Criteria for Choosing a Law School

Choosing a law school is one of the most important decisions youll make in your life. First, you need to narrow down your list of potential schools; even applying to schools can get expensive with application fees up to $70 and $80. Don’t fall into the trap of thinking that Ivy League law schools are the only ones worth attending, though, as you can get a great legal education at many schools across the country--and you just may find that one of those is actually a better fit for you by considering: 10 Criteria for Choosing a Law School Admissions Criteria:Â  Your undergraduate GPA and LSAT scores are the most important factors in your application, so look for law schools that line up with your numbers. Dont limit yourself to just those schools, though, as other aspects of your application just may sway an admissions committee to take a chance on you. Divide your list into a dream (a stretch that youd get in), core (line up with your credentials) and safety (very likely to get in) schools to give yourself choices.Financial Considerations:Â  Just because a school has a high price tag doesnt mean its the best for you and your interests. No matter where you go, law school is expensive. Some schools can be downright bargains, though, especially if you can get a scholarship or other financial aid that doesnt include loans like scholarships and grants. When looking at finances, dont forget that most schools have fees beyond standard tuition. Also, if your school is in a large city, remember the cost of living will likel y be higher than in a smaller location.Geographic Location:Â  You dont have to go to law school where youll want to take the bar exam and/or practice, but you do have to live in that location for at least three years. Do you want an urban atmosphere? Do you hate cold weather? Do you want to be near your family? Do you want to make connections in the community that you’ll be able to use in the future?Career Services:Â  Be sure to find out about job placement rate and the percentages of graduates who move on to careers in what you think might be your chosen field, whether it’s a small, medium or large firm, a judicial clerkship, or a position in public interest, academia or the business sector.Faculty:Â  What is the student to faculty ratio? What are the credentials of the faculty members? Is there a high turn-over rate? Do they publish many articles? Will you be learning from tenured faculty or from associate professors? Are professors accessible to their students an d do they employ student research assistants?Curriculum:Â  Along with first-year courses, look at what courses are offered for your second and third years and how often. If youre interested in pursuing a joint or dual degree, or in studying abroad, be sure to compare that information as well. You also may be interested in whether Moot Court, writing seminars or trial advocacy is required, and what student journals, such as Law Review, are published at each school. Clinics are another consideration. Now offered by many law schools, clinics can provide students real-world legal experience through hands-on work in a variety of disciplines, so you may want to investigate what opportunities are available.Bar Exam Passage Rate:Â  You definitely want the odds in your favor when taking the bar exam, so look for schools with high bar passage rates. You can also compare the schools bar passage with the overall passage rate for that state to see how your potential schools test-takers stack u p against students from other schools taking the same exam.Class Size:Â  If you know you learn best in smaller settings, be sure to look for schools with lower enrollment numbers. If you like the challenge of swimming in a big pond, you should be looking for schools with higher enrollment numbers.Diversity of Student Body:Â  Included here is not only race and sex, but also age; if you are a student entering law school after many years away or returning as a part-time law student, you might want to pay attention to schools that have higher numbers of students who didnt come directly from undergrad. Many schools also list the most popular majors among students, as well as types of previous work experience.Campus Facilities:Â  What is the law school building like? Are there enough windows? Do you need them? What about computer access? What is the campus like? Do you feel comfortable there? Will you have access to university facilities such as the gym, pool and other recreational act ivities? Is there public or university transportation available?

Financial Accounting Mid Semester Exam Free Essays

string(30) " 30 April 2007 is show below\." D2ACC100 FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING MID SEMESTER EXAM REVISION COMPILATION D2 ACC 100 D2 ACC 100 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT: * Extracted from Past Year Mid Term Exam Paper: D2ACC100 – SEM 1, 2006 – SEM 3, 2007 * Original idea belongs to Mr Gooi Chee San * Some of the questions have been modified to cater the needs of current student Sem 3, 2007 Question 3 Cabao is a financial consultancy firm. It updates its accounts everyday. Indicate the immediate effect of the following errors on each of the accounting elements described in the column headings below, using the following code: O=overstated U=understated NE=no effectD2 ACC 100 D2 ACC 100 Copy the table below before answering. We will write a custom essay sample on Financial Accounting Mid Semester Exam or any similar topic only for you Order Now Error| Net Income| Total Assets| Total Liabilities| Owner’s equity| Example: Receives $200 cash for services rendered the transaction was recorded as $20. | U| U| NE| U| (a) Cabao bought an office table for $500. It was recorded as purchase. | | | | | (b) The owner withdrew $800 cash. No record was made. | | | | | (c) Cabao provided consultancy service for $2,300. It was recorded as $3,200. | | | | | (d) Recorded electricity expense payment twice. | | | | | (e) Received $6,000 for consultancy service to be provided next year. It was recorded as debit cash and credit consultancy revenue. | | | | | Sem 2, 2007 Question 3 ABC is a firm providing management consultancy services. Indicate the immediate effect of the following errors on each of the accounting elements described in the column headings below, using the following code: O=overstated U=understated NE=no effect Copy the table below before answering. ErrorD2 ACC 100 D2 ACC 100 | Net Income| Total Assets| Total Liabilities| Owner’s equity| Example: Received $200 each for services rendered to a customer, but recorded the transaction as $20. U| U| NE| U| (a) Depreciation expense was $5,000 for the period. It was wrongly charged as $3,000. | | | | | (b) Provided consultancy service to a client on credit basis. It was recorded as DR. Service Revenue CR. Accounts Receivable. | | | | | (c) Bought motor vehicle insurance policy on credit basis. It was recorded DR. Prepaid Insurance CR. Cash. | | | | | (d) Bought office equipment on credit basis. The of fice equipment was received but no payment was made yet. No entry was made at all on this purchase. | | | | | (e) The owner withdrew $2,000 for his family use. It was recorded as DR. Entertainment expense CR. Cash. | | | | | Sem 1, 2007 Question 3 Indicate the immediate effect of the following errors on each of the accounting elements described in the heading below. The business provides consultancy services to clients. Using the following code: O=overstated U=understated NE=no effect (Before answering, copy the table below) Error| NetProfit| TotalAssets| TotalLiaD2 ACC 100 D2 ACC 100 bilities| Owner’sequity| Example: Received $500 cash for consultancy services rendered to a client, but recorded the transaction as $50. U| U| NE| U| (i)Did not record the utilities used. The amount has not yet been paid. | | | | | (ii)Bought and paid $200 for office supplies. The office supplies were kept in the cupboard. No entry has been made. | | | | | (iii)Provided consultancy service to a client for $4,000 on credit basis. No entry was made. No money was received. | | | | | (iv)Depreciation expense of motor vehicle was recorded twice. | | | | | (v )Provided consultancy service to a client for $800 on account. It was correctly recorded. When the $800 was received, it was recorded as DR Cash and CR Revenue. | | | | | Sem 3, 2006 Question 2 Indicate the immediate effect of the following errors on each of the accounting elements described in the column heading below, using the following code: O = overstated U = understated NE = no effect Copy the table below before answering. Error| NetProfit| TotalAssets| TotalLiability| Owner’sequity| Example : Received $200 cash for services rendered to a customer, but recorded the transaction as $20| U| U| NE| U| (a) Billed for electricity used inD2 ACC 100 D2 ACC 100 the month. Not paid and not recorded. | | | | | (b) Bought a computer for office use, terms n/30. It was recorded debit office expense and credit cash| | | | | (c) Provided service to a client and received cash. It was recorded twice| | | | | (d) Forgot to charge the depreciation of building| | | | | (e) Paid wages expense for the month. It was recorded; debit office supplies expense and credit cash. | | | | | Sem 2, 2006 Question 3 (20 marks) Indicate the immediate effect of the following errors on each of the accounting elements described in the column heading below, using the following code: O= overstated U=understated NE=no effect Copy the table below before answering. Error| Net Profit| Total Assets| Total Liability| Owner’s Equity| Example: Received $200 cash for services rendered to a customer, but recorded the transaction as $20. | U| U| NE| U| (a) Did not record purchase of inventory on credit basis, n/60. | | | | | (b) Did not charge depreciation expenD2 ACC 100 D2 ACC 100 se of office equipment. | | | | | (c) Did not record withdrawal of $500 by owner for his family use. | | | | | (d) Paid wages expense once but recorded twice. | | | | | (e) Paid to Radio Station for advertisement to be aired next month, but the payment was not recorded. | | | | Sem 3, 2007 Question 2 Pasig is a trading business. An extract of the ledger balances as at 31 August 2007 is shown below. Pasig uses the periodic inventory system. | $| Cash at D2 ACC 100 D2 ACC 100 bank (DR)Office equipmentMotor vehicleInventoryAccounts payableAccounts receivableCapital| 55,00015,00023,00012,00090,00080,000 95,000370,000| In September 2007, the following events took place: S ept 03| Pasig issued a cheque $2,000 to its supplier for purchases made in August 2007. | Sept 05| Bought inventory for $10,000 on the following terms 10/15, n/60. Sept 10| Pasig received a cheque of $7,000 from its customer for sales made in August 2007. | Sept 14| Pasig issued a cheque to fully settle the purchase made on September 05, 2007. | Sept 17| Sold inventory for $28,000 on the term 2/10, n/45. | Sept 20| The owner of Pasig issued a business cheque of $4,000 for his son to go for a private holiday. | Sept 25| Pasig purchase a computer, $3,000 by cheque, for office use. | Sept 29| Paid $9,000 to its employees for work done in September 2007. | (Ignore Goods Services Tax) REQUIRED: a)Show ALL the ledger accounts (T-account) and post the September transactions. (NO JOURNAL ENTRY IS REQUIRED) (b)Prepare a Trial Balance as at 30 September 2007. Sem 2, 2007 Question 2 Luzon started its business operation in 1824 as a trading enterprise. An extract of its ledger balances as at 3 0 April 2007 is show below. You read "Financial Accounting Mid Semester Exam" in category "Essay examples" Luzon has been using the period inventory system since inception. All payments and receipts are through its bank account. Ledger balances as at 30 April 2007 Ledger accounts| $| Cash at bank (DR)CapitalBank loanAccounts payableSalary payableOffice equipmenD2 ACC 100 D2 ACC 100 Motor vehiclesAccounts receivableInventory| 80,000149,00050,00044,0003,00018,00064,00059,000 25,000 492,000| In May 2007, the following events took place: May 2| Luzon paid $3,000 to its employee for the salary it owed in April 2007. | May 4| Luzon sold some inventory for $11,000 and received payment immediately. | May 7| It bought $40,000 inventory on the following terms 5/10, n/60. | May 10| The owner of Luzon issued a cheque of $20,000 (from Luzon’s account) for his son to buy a motor vehicle. His son is studing in a French University. | May 14| Luzon sold some inventory for $17,000 on the follo wing terms 3/5, n/30. May 16| Luzon fully settled the amount owed for the purchase made on May 7. | May 23| Luzon paid $16,000 to its supplier for the purchase incurred in April 2007. No discount was granted. | May 29| Luzon bought a brand new photostat machine for $4,000, it was paid by cheque. | May 31| Luzon paid $6,000 to its workers for work done in May 2007. Luzon also paid $2,000 for the utilities consumed in May 2007. | (Ignore Goods Services Tax) REQUIRED: (a)Show ALL the ledger accounts (T-account) and post the May 2007 transactions. (NO JOURNAL ENTRY IS REQUIRED) (b)Prepare a Trial Balance as at 31 May 2007. Sem 1, 2007 Question 2 SiemReap is a trading business. It buys and sells a standard-sized refrigerator. An extract of the ledger balances as at 31 January 2007 is shown below. The business uses the periodic inventory system. Cash at bank (DR)Office equipmentCapitalAccounts receivableAccounts payableMotor vehiclesTotal| $80,00030,000115,00070,00085,000 20,000 400,000| In February 2007, the following events took place:- February 02| SiemReap received a cheque of $13,000 from its customer for the sales made in January 2007. | February 05| Bought a dozen refrigerator for $50,000 on the following terms 2/10, n/60. February 07| SiemReap paid $35,0D2 ACC 100 D2 ACC 100 00 by cheque for purchases made in January 2007. | February 09| SiemReap sold a few refrigerator for $100,000 on the following terms 3/10, n/45. | February 11| The owner of SiemReap issued a cheque of $8,000 to himself for personal use. | February 14| SiemReap fully settled the purchase made on February 05, 2007| February 18| SiemReap received a cheque of $97,000 from its customer for sales made on February 09, 2007. | February 26| SiemReap paid $6,000 by cheque to a television broadcasting company for advertisement to be aired on 15 March 2007. February 28| SiemReap paid $7,000 to its employee for February 2007 salary. | (Ignore Goods Services Tax) REQUIRED: (a)Show ALL the ledger accounts (T-account) and post the February 2007 transactions. NO JOURNAL ENTRY IS REQUIRED (b)Prepare a trial balance as at 28 February 2007. Sem 3, 2006 Question 3 Karon is a trading business. It buys goods in bulk and retails them in small quantity. The following is an extract of Karon’s ledger balances as at 30 September 2006. Karon uses the periodic inventory system. Karon : Ledger balances as at 30 September 2006. | | Accounts receivables| $50 000| Accounts payables| 70 000| Motor vehicles| 60 000| Accumulated depreciation of motor vehicles| 20 000| Wages and salaries payable| 8 000| Cash at bank (DR)| 35 000| Capital| 72 000| Inventory| 25 000| | $340 000| In October 2006, the following events took place. 2006| | Oct 02| Karon issued a cD2 ACC 100 D2 ACC 100 heque $8000 to pay the salary for September 2006| | | Oct 06| Sold some inventory for $60 000 on the following terms 5/10, n/60| | | Oct 09| Karon collected a $10 000 cheque from its customer for sales made in the previous month. | | | Oct 12| Karon bought some inventory for $100 000 on the following terms 3/5, n/60| | | Oct 14| Karon issued a cheque to fully settle for the purchase made on October 12| | | Oct 15| Karon received a cheque from its customer for the sales made on October 06| | | Oct 19| Karon bought a new computer for business use. It paid by cheque $5000| | | Oct 23| The owner withdrew $6,000 for family use| | | Oct 31| Paid its workers $4,000 for the work done in October 2006| (IGNORE GOODS SERVICES TAX) REQUIRED: (a)Show ALL the ledger accounts (T-account) and post the October transactions (No journal entry is required) (b)Prepare a trial balance as at 31 October 2006. Sem 2, 2006 Question 2 (30 marks) Ubud started its business operation on 1 May 2006. It uses the periodic inventory system. An extract of its Ledger balances as at 31 May 2006 is as follows: Ubud: Ledger balances as at 31 May 2006| Cash at bank (DR)| $ 78,000| Capital| 90,000| Rental expense| 5,000| Sales| 70,000| Accounts receivable| 40,000| Accounts payable| 35,000| Purchases| 60,000| Wages and salaries expense| 2,000| Utilities expense| 3,000| Office equipment| 7,000| | 390,000| In June 2006, the following events took place. All payments and receipts were through the cash at bank account. June 2| Ubud sold some inventory for $12,000 cash. | June 5| Ubud issued a cheque of $9,000 to its supplier for purchases made in May 2006D2 ACC 100 D2 ACC 100 .| June 7| Bought some inventory for $60,000 on the following terms 5/10, n/60. | June 9| Issued a cheque of $38,000 for purchase of a motor vehicle for business use. | June 9| Paid $3,000 for the motor vehicle insurance policy, coverage from June 9, 2006 to June 9, 2007. | June 16| Ubud issued a cheque to fully settle purchase made on June 7, 2006. | June 19| Sold some inventory for $100,000 on the following terms 2/10, n/60. | June 28| Ubud received a cheque from a customer for sales made on June 19. June 30| Paid its workers $2,000 for the work done in June 2006. | REQUIRED: (a)Show all the ledger accounts (T-account) brought down from May 2006 and then post the June 2006 transactions. (No journal entry is required) (b)Prepare a trial balance of Ubud as at 30 June 2006. Sem 1, 2006 Question 2 PWC is a trading business. The merchandise business has been in operation for a numb er of months. The following balances were extracted from the Accounting Records of the business as at 31 May 2005. | $| | Cash at bank | 27,000| (DR)| Premises rent expense| 6,000| | Office equipment| 5,000| | Motor vehicles| 26,000| | Purchases| 42,000| | Accounts payable| 20,000| | Sales| 86,000| | Accounts receivable| 24,000| | Prepaid insurance| 3,000| | Salary expense| 6,000| | Telephone and electricity expense| 4,000| | Capital| 37,000| | | 286,000| | The business continued its operation in June 2005. The following events took place in June 2005. (The business has chosen to apply the Periodic Inventory System and will continue to use it in the future. ) All payments and receipts were through its bank account. June 02| PWC paid $8,000 by cheque for the purchases made in May 2005. June 03| PWC received $12,000 from its customers for sales made in May 2005. | June 08| Sold inventory, $18,000, on the following terms 5/10, n/30| June 12| Bought $1,000 worth of pencils, pens, paper etc for office use. It was paid by cheque. D2 ACC 100 D2 ACC 100 | June 16| Bought inventory, $16,000, on the following terms 3/15, n/30| June 18| PWC issued a $8,000 cheque for the purchase made in May 2005. Th e supplier gave PWC $1,000 discount for early settlement of account. | | | June 20| The owner of PWC bought a computer, $2,000, for his son’s personal use. He issued a cheque of $1,000 using PWC’s bank account. His wife paid $1,000 from her personal savings account. | | | June 29| PWC paid $2,000 for Telephone and Electricity used in June 2005. | | | June 29| PWC paid $3,000 to its workers for the work done in June 2005. | (Ignore Goods and Services Tax) REQUIRED: (a) Show all the Accounting Entries in the Ledger Accounts (T-accounts) and post the above transactions (NO JOURNAL ENTRY IS REQUIRED) (b) Extract a Trial Balance of the business as at 30 June 2005 after the posting of the above transactions in (a). Sem 3,2007 Question 1 Kaloonkan is a trading business. Its financial year end is 31 October each year. An extract of Kaloonkan’s ledger accounts is shown below. Trial balance as at 31 October 2007 | DR $’000| CR $’000| Advertising expenseMachineriesAccounts receivablesLand, at costBuilding, at costCash at bankDiscount allowedDrawingsRepair expenseDiscount receivedCapitalBank Loan, due on 1. 1. 2011Accounts payablesService RevenuePrepaid insuranceUtilities expenseOffice suppliesInteresD2 ACC 100 D2 ACC 100 t expenseBuilding maintenance expenseSundry operatng expenseSalaries and wages expensesOffice equipmentManagement consultancy expense| 271,160340226300401430132011124257515140520 10| 107444361001,800| Other data included: i) The prepaid insurance is valid for a twenty-month period, starting from 01 November 2006. (ii) Supplies worth $20,000 have been used during the year (iii) The utilities consumed in October 2007 was $11,000. No payment has been made and no entry has been made. (iv) Out of the service revnue, $100,000 is yet to be earned REQUIRED: (a)Prepare a detailed Income Statement of Kaloonkan for the year ended 31 October 2007. (b)Prepare a Statement of Owner’s equity for the year ended 31 October 2007. (c)Prepare a Balance Sheet as at 31 October 2007. Sem 2, 2007 Question 1 Clarke Angeles is a sole proprietorship business. Its financial year end is 30 June each year. Below is a trial balance of Clarke Angeles as at 30 June 2007. All in thousand. | DR $’000| CR $’000| Advertisement expenseWages and salaries expenseMotor vehicle expensePrepaid insuranceSundry operating expensesDiscount allowedDelivery chargesAccounts receivableCash at bankDrawingsMotor vehicles, at costLandBuildingInterest expenseAccomodation expenseOffice EquipmentElectricity and Telephone expensesPremises rental revenueDiscount receivedAccounts payableConsultationD2 ACC 100 D2 ACC 100 FeesCapitalCommision RevenueNotes payable, due 29 June 2007| 168018242019138018208010040062341849| 38257076840033 50| (Ignore Goods Services Tax) Other data given: (i) The owner withdrew $4,000 cash on 28 June 2007. No entry has been made. (ii) Clarke Angeles advertised its products over the local radio station on 27 June 2007. It costs the business $5,000. It has not yet paid and no entry has been made at all for this advertisement. (iii) The prepaid insurance is valid from 01 July 2006 to 30 June 2007. (iv) Rental of $4,000 is yet to be received REQUIRED: (a)Prepare a detailed Income Statement of Clarke Angeles for the year ended 30 June 2007, and (b)A statement of Owner’s Equity for the year and a detailed Balance Sheet as at 30 June 2007. Sem 1, 2007 Question 1 Angkor is a trading business. It prepares its financial statements once a year. Its financial year end is 31 January. An extract of its ledger accounts is shown below. Trial balance as at 31 January 2007| | DR $’000| CR $’000| Management fee expense| 72| | Prepaid advertisement| 20| | Wages and salaries expense| 222| | Accomodation charges| 22| | Drawings| 20| | Discount allowD2 ACC 100 D2 ACC 100 ed| 33| | Cash at bank| 40| | Land, at cost| 200| | Building, at cost| 300| | Accounts receivable| 380| | Vehicle| 1,030| | Prepaid insurance| 24| | Utilities expense| 60| | Secretarial fee expense| 50| | Interest expense| 30| | Motor vehicle, at cost| 260| | Beginning inventory, 01 February 2006| 240| | Sundry expense| 18| | Service Fee| | 1,650| Accounts payable| | 170| Loan| | 300| Capital, 1. 2. 2006| | 873| Discount received| _____| 28| Other data given: i) The prepaid insurance was valid for the period 1 February 2006 to 31 January 2007. (ii) The utilities used in January 2007 were $5,000. No entry has been made. (iii) The prepaid advertisement is for 4 days, between 30 January 2007 to 2 February 2007. It was paid for advertising its products in the local newspaper. (iv) 10% of service fee is yet to be earned REQUIRED: (a)Prepare a detailed Income Statement (Profit and Loss) for the year ended 31 Ja nuary 2007. (b)Prepare a Statement of Owner’s Equity for the year ended 31 January 2007. (c)Prepare a Balance Sheet Statement as at 31 January 2007. How to cite Financial Accounting Mid Semester Exam, Essay examples

Critical Thinking Physical Education

Question: Discuss about the Critical Thinking for Physical Education. Answer: In most arguments, there are sets of one or more premises that are accompanied by a conclusion. In some other arguments, such as the complex arguments, there are sets of several simple arguments which are having overlapping premises as well as conclusions. The otherwise called complex arguments are quite popular considering that most of the debates and issues are complicated in one way or the other and they entail comprehensive reasoning. To be able to properly comprehend arguments, one requires being able to analyze the logical sequence as well as structure of the reasoning as entailed in an argument (Nosich, 2012; Pinker, 2013). Drawing argument diagrams assists in bringing out or rather analyzing the logical structure of an argument for better comprehension. The following is a numbered structure for the provided text: (1) The demand for organ transplant has grown steeply over time and across the globe. However, (2) Growth in the supply of donated organs has been modest, at best; this suggests that (3) Current policies that encourage organ donation by appealing to the altruistic instincts of individuals is failing. Thus, as a result of the growth in demand, the ineffectiveness of the current regime, and the fact that (4) Nothing can be done to reduce the demand, (5) It is imperative that we consider alternative approaches to increasing organ supply. Since (6) History suggests that the problem of shortages in scarce goods is best solved by creating a free market in those goods, it follows that (7) The purchase and sale of organs should be legalized. The following is the argument diagram drawn from the listed structure: From the above diagram, (7) is the conclusion whereas (6) and (4) are building up from (2). (5) leads to the conclusion whereas (3) shares on the ideas of (4) and (6) before directing them towards the shared conclusion. Assigning letters of alphabet to the simple statement in the argument North Korea can be persuaded to roll back its nuclear program only if America stops conducting military exercises with South Korea. Further, if North Korea cant be persuaded to compromise on its nuclear program, then there will either be continued instability in the Far East or a rebellion might overthrow the regime in North Korea. But, if the Americans fear of China remains strong, then America will not stop these exercises. But, there is good reason to believe that the Americans fear of China will not abate in the near future. In addition, it is highly unlikely that a rebellion will happen in North Korea. So, we are bound to witness continued instability in the Far East. Using the letters assigned, outline the argument in recognizable deductive forms identifying its premises, the conclusion and any other intermediate conclusion that can be validly inferred. The premises in the argument are: A, B, D and E. Premises B, D and E are co-premises as they are all working together in the given argument to support the conclusion. The intermediate conclusion in the simple argument is C. C is concluding the content of premise B though it is not the final conclusion as it only focuses on America and does not include the aspect of a rebellion in North Korea. F is the conclusion in the simple argument as it concludes the argument inclusively, considering both Americas fear of China and North Koreas unlikely rebellion. Evaluating whether the argument is valid The simple argument provided is valid. The argument starts by stating the terms in which an amicable solution can be reached. It acknowledges that the nuclear program of North Korea can be stopped but that is only if America ceases its military exercises in South Korea. The argument then progresses to bring out premises that portray why this solution cannot readily be reached. The conclusion further qualifies the argument as valid as it incorporates the two antagonizing sides of the argument (Groarke and Tindale, 2012). The authors conclusion is actually his individual remark. It states that the prize money for the tennis players ought to be equal irrespective of the events as long as they are at the same level. The author states that the prize money for the women and men at Grand Slam events, Premier Mandatory as well as Masters Events should be equal at all times. Other than this, the author goes ahead to acknowledge that there are other market forces that need to be considered so as to determine accurate economic value of the various events tours especially those that entail both men and women. Looking at the strong and the weak points of the other, it is prudent that the conclusion made by the author be considered. The author obviously made the conclusion from strong points after disqualifying the weak points. The weak points in the article include the argument that owing to the point that the mens tennis is more popular at the moment, it is obvious that they deserve more prize money compared to the women. Drawing from this weak point, the author builds the strongest point to be that there are other sources of income for tennis players and that it is these other sources: endorsement income and appearance fees, which assist in determining which tennis player is more productive for the sport. To support this, the author argues that were the prize money dependant on the economic performance of the tennis players and the given tour, then lesser popular players like Li Na would be earning much more in events in China as it is her who the fans come to watch there. The prize money for the tennis players ought to be equal irrespective of the events as long as they are at the same level. The conclusion by the author is appropriate and I agree with it. The prize money should be equal at the events for both the men and women, highly ranked and lowly ranked players as long as they have all progressed to the same level in the given event. The strong point brought out in the article that backs this, and that which I second, is that the events are held in different parts of the country and definitely there are native players there who are likely to receive and pull more fans to the events than the popular players who are being paid more prize money. A case is Li Na who is a female tennis player from China. During China Opens events, fans troop to the event to cheer her and it is just her whom they want to associate with because they want to give her the home love. In this case, then it is obvious that she deserves to be paid more considering the econom ic impact she brings to the tournament. Owing to this, it is not upright to argue that the prize money should be dependent on the economic performances of players and the tour as a whole considering that it is quite difficult to adjust the prize money in these aspects. The prize money is awarded to the players because they have achieved a given level based performance in the tournament in respect of other competing players. The players are not being paid with respect to the quantity of time they play and this argues against the male players being paid more because the payments are done for having the best plays at the torment and progressing to higher levels of the tournament and this is only achievable by winning the tennis matches. This is similar to the case of the female players; they are paid for winning tennis matches and progressing to the upper levels of the tournament such as the finals. At a given level of the tournament, say the semi finals, the reward for winning a semi final match ought to be same for both the women and the men. At the moment, it is outright that tennis players are earning in regards of their levels f attraction to the tennis public and sponsors. It is not that all men players earn better than their women counterparts, there are men players who are earning lesser compared to the women players. Tennis players currently are being paid in terms of the revenue that they are able to bring into the sport as well as their popularity as these are what favor the sponsors of the sport. References Bowell, T. and Kemp, G., 2014.Critical thinking: A concise guide. Routledge. Foley, J.T., Couturier, L. and Kline, N., 2012. SwitchMaking Change Happen.Journal of Physical Education, Recreation Dance,83(7), pp.1-60. Groarke, L.A. and Tindale, C.W., 2012. Good reasoning matters: A constructive approach to critical thinking. Halpern, D.F., 2014.Critical thinking across the curriculum: A brief edition of thought knowledge. Routledge. Nosich, G.M., 2012. Learning to think things through: A guide to critical thinking across the curriculum. Paul, R. and Elder, L., 2013.Critical thinking: Tools for taking charge of your professional and personal life. Pearson Education. Pinker, S., 2013.Learnability and cognition: The acquisition of argument structure. MIT press. Shiraev, E.B. and Levy, D., 2015.Cross-cultural psychology: Critical thinking and contemporary applications. Routledge. Sziarto, K.M., McCarthy, L. and Padilla, N.L., 2014. Teaching critical thinking in world regional geography through stakeholder debate.Journal of Geography in Higher Education,38(4), pp.557-570.

Professional Development Program Essay Sample free essay sample

Aim of Assignment: †¢ SPECIFICATIONS – To show the ability to compose good specifications †¢ ETHICS – To understand the ethical considerations involved in undertaking procurance direction †¢ TENDERING – To understand the demands for administrating the tendering procedure †¢ CONTRACT ADMINISTRATION – To cover with jobs during the contract disposal procedure Assignment – Four inquiries 1. SPECIFICATIONS [ 24 ] .Write. for a mousetrap:i. Descriptive specification ( including pulling. if necessary ) ; and ( 12 ) two. Performance specification ( 12 )2. Ethical motive IN PROCURMENT [ 31 ]A. Case Study – Ms Smith ( 16 )B. Briefly analyse. from your undertaking experience. 1 state of affairs or chance that exists for procurance forces to move unethically during the undertaking procurance procedure and place which ethical rules are threatened. ( 6 ) C. Briefly describe 3 diverse schemes that the undertaking director might utilize to understate the likeliness of unethical behavior by undertaking procurance forces? ( 9 ) 3. TENDERING [ 20 ] . Case Study – Ray Gunn – see attached4. CONTRACT ADMINISTRATION [ 25 ] Case Study – Tom Dewey Dates A ; Punishments Date given: TBA.Date due: TBA.Students are given sufficient clip to bring forth the assignment and the deadline will be purely enforced. We will write a custom essay sample on Professional Development Program Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page If an assignment is handed in late the pupil will be penalised in conformity with the unit lineation. Format The assignment must be typed on A4 paper ( utilizing one side merely ) in individual infinite typewriting and presented with a cover sheet puting out your name. lecturer’s name. unit rubric and the subject of the assignment. All documents should be numbered. All assignments should be exhaustively checked for typing. spelling and grammatical mistakes before being submitted. Work of an unacceptable quality will be returned for rectification and re-submission. Question 2 ( a ) CASE STUDY – ETHICS IN PROCUREMENT – MS SMITH Ms Smith had served her public sector bureau dependably for more than 20 old ages. She had achieved many of her personal aspirations. but felt she had reached her bound sing publicity. When the services of her administration were to be assessed for outsourcing. Ms Smith saw this as an chance to prosecute a new calling in the private sector. With her in-depth cognition of her administration and her grasp of the booby traps any service supplier would confront in taking over from the bing public sector supplier. Ms Smith sought to help the company she thought had the best potency to win with its stamp development. Deeply ingrained with the position that she would be moving improperly if she assisted any company during working hours. Ms Smith went on three hebdomads leave. During this clip. she contacted ABC Limited and offered her services and expertness. She explained she intended to go forth the populace sector and felt her expertness and experience might be of aid in the development of ABC’s command. Careful non to be seen to hold solicited Ms Smith’s aid. ABC asked her to corroborate there was no hindrance in her working on the command. Ms Smith confirmed that she believed she was free to help ABC. peculiarly as she was on leave. She farther added that she sought no payment for her advice. but felt she would be a good ‘catch’ if ABC won the contract. Satisfied. and happy to hold clearly believable aid with its command. ABC brought Ms Smith into the command squad for her leave period and offered her a topographic point on the company’s squad to present the service to the authorities should it win. At an industry briefing for the tenderers the authorities squad. which included Ms Smith as an perceiver. detailed the specification. agreements for command and stamp rating. Ms Smith’s supervisor noted that she seemed to cognize the ABC people and non people from the other companies present. He casually asked Ms Smith where she had met the ABC squad antecedently and was amazed when she told him she had been assisting ABC while on leave. She indicated her personal penchant to see ABC win the contr act. as she would go an employee if this occurred. Question 2 ( a ) 1. What is ( are ) the ethical job ( s ) ? ( 6 )2. Analyse. in ethical footings. the available options for actions by the Supervisor? ( 10 ) Please see cover sheet for Questions 2 ( b-c ) Question 3 – CASE STUDY – THE TENDERING PROCESS – RAY GUNN A client. Gerry Hatrick. engaged Ray Gunn a undertaking direction adviser. to obtain stamps for a building undertaking. He tried to deter GH from utilizing an unfastened tendering procedure but GH was inexorable that no 1 should be denied the chance of tendering a monetary value for his undertaking. Ray was every bit inexorable that in private inquiring a choice group of contractors to tender would give more confidence of value for money. An advertizement in the day-to-day newspaper was punctually inserted and the stopping point of the tendering period was advertised as 12 midday on 3rd November. in Project Inc’s office The latest estimated cost of the undertaking. prepared by Ray. was $ 1. 900. 000. Tenders had been sought for monetary value merely. non for building times. the clip holding been stipulated by in the tendering paperss as 38 hebdomads. The monetary values were specified to be steadfast monetary value non capable to escalation accommodations Six stamps had been r eceived by 12 midday. Ray began to open the stamp envelopes: †¢ The first stamp opened. from Speedy A ; Co. was $ 1. 770. 000 †¢ The following stamp opened. from Empire Builders. was $ 1. 842. 000 †¢ The 3rd stamp. from Bill Ding Corp. . was $ 1. 955. 000. to which was added the footer. â€Å"This stamp will be reduced by 10. 5 % if an escalation clause is included in the contract† †¢ Just so. Jack Rafter from Slip Shod Constructions arrived with a stamp after being held up in traffic congestion on his manner to subject the stamp. It was eight proceedingss past midday. Jack left so opened the envelope. The stamp was $ 1. 700. 000. †¢ The following stamp opened. from De Fektif Constructions. was $ 1. 666. 000. †¢ The following stamp opened. from T. Mahal. was $ 2. 166. 665 †¢ The last stamp opened. from NBG Co. was $ 1. 967. 000. which was endorsed with the words. â€Å"An alternate stamp of $ 1. 800. 000 is applicable in the event that the building period is changed to 42 weeks† †¢ Ray went to tiffin and on his return there was a telephone message from De Fektif Constructions. stating that there had been an mistake in their stamp. which should hold read $ 1. 695. 000 He knew really small about any of the tenderers. During the stamp period he had enquired of some of his co-workers as to their cognition of the tenderers. All he cou ld happen out was that Speedy A ; Co. had a repute for being late coating undertakings. for no evident ground other than hapless administration. and that Empire Builders did non bask good relationships with other undertaking directors. because of Empire’s expertness in doing contractual claims for extra payments Ray decided that before making anything else he should phone De Fektif and state them what to make with their amended stamp. It was Paul Bearer who answered the phone: †¢ Ray: â€Å"Your telephone message about an mistake in your stamp was a waste of clip. You can’t alter the regulations. The best you can make is to withdraw† †¢ Paul: â€Å"OK. we withdraw our first stamp but out corrected monetary value still stands† †¢ Ray: â€Å"No. it doesn’t. It would be most unjust to alter your monetary value after the official deadline. I shall disregard both of your prices† †¢ Paul: â€Å"I’ll direct my amended monetary value direct to Gerry Hatrick. He’ll understand that we have made a echt mistake. † The conversation ended. GH was abroad and could non be contacted. Ray hence decided to set his recommendations in authorship and direct GH a missive to be waiting for him on his return. which was the process that had been agreed before GH departed. anyhow Question 3 1. What is your sentiment of the tendering procedure. every bit far as it is known? ( 10 ) 2. As Ray. compose an appropriate comprehensive missive to the client. ( 10 ) Question 4 – CASE STUDY – CONTRACT ADMINISTRATION – TOM DEWEY In June 1995. Tom Dewey. buying director for Builder’s Bank. Inc. ’s ( BBI ) New York office. wanted to decide a set of jobs originating from the purchase of 80 chairs for the executive council chamber. BBI was a big international bank with operations throughout the universe. It had late purchased an office edifice and had hired the well-known designer Peter Tropper to make the major design and redevelopment programs. The buying section in the New York office was responsible for all local purchases. in add-on to a few major purchases for the international offices. The bank did non hold an approved provider list ; an invitation to offer was an indicant that the possible provider was considered qualified. The architectural house of Peter Tropper was hired to redesign the full edifice. including the choice of furniture. Once the design was completed. a working group. including the president and frailty president. had approved the design. including choice and coloring mater ial for all major furniture. The buying section did non take part in this procedure. In June 1994. Peter Tropper sent a specification sheet to the buying section for all purchases. which included theoretical account figure and maker. Suppliers would offer on the same maker. with no permutations allowed. Although the section had the option to divide the order between providers. Tom Dewey decided to order though a individual beginning. In late June. the working group asked Tom Dewey to subject a budget of what the bank would hold to pass to finish the redevelopment during financial 1995. Therefore. in early July. Tom Dewey submitted a petition for proposal ( RFP ) to ten possible providers. all of which responded. When the commands were received in mid-August. the working group reviewed the commands and rejected them as being excessively high. The working group and Peter Tropper agreed to a scaling down of the work proposed. A hebdomad subsequently. Tom Dewey sent new specifications to the same 10 providers. of which eight responded. The low command on the RFP was $ 1. 3 million. submitted by ABCO Furniture. a big local furniture trader. In September. the working group authorised Tom Dewey to buy major furniture and the chairs for the executive council chamber numbering $ 400 000. Amo ng the points on the RFP were eighty leather chairs for the executive council chamber. These chairs have a individual base and a fixed jury base. which would non let the chairs to sway or pivot. Twelve of the chairs. bing $ 1 500 each. required installing in concrete. with the staying 68 chairs. bing $ 1 300 each. holding bases that could be installed on wood flooring. The RFP made no reference of installing. In February 1995. ABCO Furniture informed Tom Dewey that the chairs were ready. Since the council chamber was still under building. he arranged to hold ABCO hive away the chairs. with the understanding that he honour the bill in March. The bill was paid in late March and ABCO stored the chairs until they were delivered on the forenoon of April 22. 1995. When the chairs were delivered. the building director talked with Peter Tropper sing installing. The building director told Tom Dewey that the designer had said he would give elaborate drawings sing installing of the chairs. although the drawings had non been received. When Tom Dewey asked Peter Tropper about the job. Peter indicated that Purchasing. holding bought the chairs. was responsible for installing. Peter Troppe r besides stated that he had informed Purchasing. by missive in late March. that Buying was responsible for installing. At the direction of Tom Dewey. ABCO hired a local installer to put in the chairs. The installer had seen neither the chairs no the council chamber before. The installer arrived tardily on the 22nd and discussed the installing process with the building director. They concluded that they would utilize enlargement bolts in the concrete and wood prison guards in the platforms. Both the building director and the installer agreed that long slowdown prison guards could non be used since the platforms were elevated. with electrical conduit underneath. After put ining a few chairs on the forenoon of April 23rd. the installer and building director concluded that the wood prison guards would non keep. Since the chairs were stiff. the littleness of the diameter of the base was deficient for the torsion applied to the base when the chair was used. Since no equal support was designed into the floor when the room was remodelled. other support options had to be evaluated. The installer. even after p ut ining the toggle bolts. discovered that the chairs were still coming free. In add-on. the enlargement bolts. installed in the concrete. would besides finally work free. However. with the upcoming board meeting on May 6. 1995. the building director and installer agreed that the chairs could be used temporarily. The provider. after discoursing installing costs with the installer. told Tom Dewey that the current measure for puting up the chairs would be around $ 4 000. However. for the installer to make the occupation right would be and extra $ 15 000. The May 6 board meeting went swimmingly. although many board members noted the instability of the chairs. In June. the executive managers expressed concern over the demand to repair the chairs-and rapidly. However. Tom Dewey’s frequent treatments with Peter Tropper had yielded no consequences. The installer billed ABCO Furniture at the terminal of May. In late June. Tom Dewey received a measure from ABCO for the installing of the chairs. and a transcript of the bill received by ABCO from the provider. Tom Dewey recognised that BBI had non allowed for any extra installing costs and wondered what th e best manner to decide the job would be. 1. What options are unfastened to Tom? What is the best class of action? ( 9 ) 2. Who is responsible for the present state of affairs?

Analyse the concepts of social inclusion and exclusion The WritePass Journal

Analyse the concepts of social inclusion and exclusion Introduction Analyse the concepts of social inclusion and exclusion IntroductionREFERENCE LISTRelated Introduction The aim of this assignment is to critically analyse the concepts of social inclusion and exclusion and discuss how social exclusion has occurred in the chosen scenario of Feodor. Feodor’s needs will be identified in the care plan (refer to the appendix 1) and one need will be chosen and interventions to address or meet that need will be critically analysed. This assignment will critically analyse how mental health service could be improved with reference to Anti-discriminatory and anti-oppressive perspectives in Feodor’s scenario. Feodor is a 31 year old man who was born in the Russian Federation. He served as a Russian soldier and saw active duty, in the 1994-6 Chechen war, during which time there was discrimination bombing and shelling of Chechen towns and villages. Feodor has stated that over 250, 000 people of the Russian federation were killed in Chechnya during the collapse of the Soviet Union ‘that was genocide’. He has referred to hostage situations in both Budennovsk and Beslan when hundred died. He has quoted the Russian Premier Putin as stating ‘that the war was over 3 years ago’, Feodor contends that the brutal conflict goes on unabated. As a soldier he say it is no surprise that they (The Russian Army) did what they did, the Chechens gave them no choice. So he has come to the UK seeking asylum, work, a better life, a chance to start again, to escape from the nightmares fear. He is now opposed to the conflict in Chechnya and has expressed his opposition to many people, som e of them with power and some from the army in senior positions in the Russian Federation; he believes that he may be at risk of retribution from the Russians and the Chechens. The Social exclusion unit (SEU 2004) defines social exclusion as shorthand for what can happen when people or areas suffer from a combination of linked problems such as disabilities, unemployment, poor skills, low incomes, poor housing, high crime environment, bad health and family breakdown. Sayce (2000) described it as the interlocking and mutually compounding problems of impairment, discrimination, diminishing social role, lack of economic and social participation and disability. Also Jermyn (2001) state social exclusion is complex multi-dimensional in the nature and can occur when various linked problems are experienced in combination. Among the factors at play are social status, jobless, lack of opportunities to establish a family, small or non-existent social network, compounding race and other discrimination, repeated rejection and consequent restriction of hope and expectations. Pierson (2002) suggested that social exclusion is a process that deprives individuals and families, groups and neighbourhoods of the resources required for participation in the social, economic and political activity of society as whole. This process is primarily a consequence of poverty and low income, but other factors such as discrimination, low educational attainment and depleted living environment also underpin it. Through this process people are cut off for a significant period in their lives from institutions and services, social networks and developmental opportunities that the great majority of a society enjoys. Dunn (1999) mentions that the largest UK inquiry into the social exclusion and mental health service users appears to take ‘social model of disability’ perspective and while it discusses social exclusion, the key problem it highlights is discrimination. It states that the inquiry panel receives strong and consistent evidence concerning the discrimination of people experiencing a direct result of their own mental health problems. The report also argues that this discrimination can occur in various areas of life. Especially within jobs and education, this makes mental health service users vulnerable to extreme exclusion from virtually every aspect of society. On the other hand, Repper and Perkins (2001) suggest that social inclusion requires equality of opportunity to access and participate in the rudimentary and fundamental functions of society, for example access to health care, employment, education good housing and ultimately recovery of status and meaning and reduced impact of disability. According to Department of Health (2009) social inclusion in mental health services is improved rights to access to the social and economic world. The new opportunities to recovery status and meaning have reduced the impact of disabilities. However (Bates, 2002) stated that everyone, including people who use mental health services, should be able to enjoy a good standard of health, develop their skills and abilities, earn a wage and live a life in the community in safety. Similarly, the National Service Framework Health Standard One (Department of Health, 1999b) demands that all people whose care is managed through the enhanced care programme approa ch should have a plan that addresses their needs for housing, education, employment and leisure. Within this framework, an inclusive mental health services will address basic standards of living issues. According to the Disability Discrimination Act (1995), and the establishment of the new Disability Rights Commission (2004). Social inclusive perspective, including within the antidiscrimination law, equality and human rights, social justices and citizenship, in addition to clinical perspective, it is from this point that pernicious nature of exclusion and the importance of social inclusion for people with mental health problems and those with intellectual disabilities can be most clearly appreciated. In this case Mental Health Professionals have a responsibility in helping people with mental health problems to make sure they become socially included and not socially excluded. In Feodor’s case mentioned earlier in the assignment that he came to UK seeking asylum, work, and better life. Refuges and asylum-seekers experience a higher incidence of mental distress than the wider population (Future Vision Coalition, 2009). The most common diagnose are trauma related psychological distress, depression and anxiety (Crowley, 2003). In which this is the case with Feodor, much of the distress experienced by him is strongly linked to the events that happened in his home town which have led to his departure. However distress occurs when you are unable to cope with pressure there is also strong evidence that Feodor’s mental distress is as a result of the difficult circumstances experienced in the UK. He was a victim of discrimination and social exclusion and this had very big impact on his mental state. Mental health policy (Department of Health, 2005) recognizes that refugees and asylum-seekers are particularly vulnerable and at risk group, however progr essively more restrictive UK asylum policies have had an increasing negative impact on mental health well being (Royal College of Psychiatry, 2007). Asylum-seekers who are unable to provide accommodation for themselves in UK have been sent to different parts of the country on no choice circumstances. This process does not take into account the community support networks, family of friends. However some of these areas in which dispersed asylum-seekers are housed in many cases are deprived areas with multiple social problems and little experience of diverse communities. This has often resulted in social tension and racism towards refuges and asylum-seekers like Feodor and they are much more often victims than the perpetrators of crime (Leff, and Warner, 2006). Refuge Media Action group (2006) states that accommodation provision for asylum-seekers have improved over the last few years but there are still concerns that it can be poor quality and unstable in some areas. Poor housing, as an immediate environmental stressor, therefore, plays a central role in the psychological well-being of residents both at an individual and community level. (The Acheson Report).   Asylum-seekers are prohibited from working or undertaking vocational training and currently receive at around 50% of income support, which has been cut from  £42,16 to  £35,13 a week compared to  £67,50 a week for those on employment support allowance and some are being given vouchers instead of cash (Mind, 2009). As a result many are living in poverty they are deprived of the important integration opportunities which employment can provide (Bloch, 2002). However (Leff, and Warner, 2006) suggested that the working environment offers the opportunity of making friends, gives a structure to the day, increases the person’s self-esteem, and provides an income especially for men like Feodor. Asylum-seekers do not have access to learning opportunities, learning is central to economic success and social cohesion. Feodor was disadvantaged educationally, economically and socially. One problem that will be addressed from the care plan that has great impact on Feodor’s is employment. Unemployment is both a key characteristic and a primary economic cause of exclusion and is linked with poverty, social isolation and loss of status and significantly increase disability and impedes recovery (Percy- smith 2000). It reduces opportunities for good life which lead to social exclusion as people cannot afford the basic necessities, decent food, clothing, holidays and social activities. It has been linked with increased general health and mental health problems (Repper and Perkins, 2003) which means that as long as Feodor remains unemployed he will be socially deprived. Asylum-seekers like Feodor are prohibited from working whilst waiting for a final decision on their asylum claim, but finding work is their main priority just after granted status (Bloch, 2002). For this reason the mental health services could be improving with reference to anti-oppressive and discri mination by assisting Feodor to find voluntary work as short term goal, volunteering for charities or community organisation. Voluntary work will help Feodor with the opportunity to grow in confidence, reduce his own social isolation and increase opportunities to improve language skills; it also contribute to career development and work experience (Refugee Council Online). Voluntary will also provide some evidence of motivation to prospective employers, enhancing job-readiness and prevent going rusty. It also provides opportunity for Feodor to become familiar with other local services, gain experiences of working practices in the UK hence help him to integrate in the society. Feodor does not have the right to get paid job, but voluntary work and study will help him to prepare for employment and alleviate the stress of his situation. (Sainsbury Centre, 2008). Even though this might not change his situation much since there is no income that comes under voluntary work. Paid work is th e only route for Feodor to sustained financial independence, (Askonas and Stewart, 2000) work is an important element of the human condition, it helps fulfil our aspiration-it is a key to independence, self-respect and opportunities for advancement. The other things what the mental health service need to do for Feodor is to refer him to vocational rehabilitation for vocational training. Vocational rehabilitation is a process of interventions whereby people with mental health problems or disabilities like Feodor can build up individual capacity to enable himself to the best he can be, achieving better work related outcomes (Waddell et al, 2008). Access to vocational training and education system is crucial for migrants to enable them to adapt their skills and qualifications to the labour market requirement of receiving countries. These services will offer Feodor opportunity to develop confidence, resilience and work skills. Vocational rehabilitation programmes have a greater emphasis on work skills development and on progression towards employment. Employment has been identified as a primary factor in the integration of migrants’ life Feodor into UK (Phillimore et al, 2006). Research also shows that employment is good for our physical and mental health (Waddell and Burton, 2006).   Unemployment can damage our health and lead to a range of social problems such as debt and social isolation (Black, 2008). Inability to provide for yourself or to contribute to the society can have negative impact on self esteem, confidence and mental health especially for men like Feodor (Mind, 2009). Being in employment and maintaining social contacts can improve Feodor’s mental health prevent suicide and reduces his reliance on mental health services (SEU, 2004). Employment can also improve Feodor’s quality of life and well being, reduces his social exclusion and poverty (Waddell and Burton, 2006). As stated earlier by (Askonas and Stewart, 2000) that work is an important element of the human condition, it helps fulfil our aspiration-it is a key to independence, self-respect and opportunities for advancement. Employment has a central role in most people’s lives offering beyond that of income but still there are very large and growing numbers of people with mental health illness who are out of work, most of whom want to work (Bond, 2006). They cannot get a job if they have or have had a mental health problem because of the discrimination by employers. This goes on even though it is illegal under the Disability Discrimination Act. A socially inclusion approach includes recovery-oriented practice, an emphasis on social outcomes and participation, and attention to the rights of people with mental ill health, as well as to citizenship, equality and justice, and stigma and discrimination. (Royal College of Psychiatrists, 2009). Genuine social inclusion can only be achieved by valuing the contribution people can make to society. Because somebody has mental health problems does not mean that he or she can not make a contribution to the community. People need to be given information, choice and freedom and the opportunity to make decisions for themselves. Within the professional service, it is important that staff develop an awareness that different individuals have different needs, and service users should be involved in the care. The Department of Health (2000) states that patients should not be seen as mere recipient of care, but should be empowered to work in partnership with their health and social providers. In helping people to build their lives, mental health workers need to address social inclusion at both ethnos and demos (Repper and Perkins, 2003). People need to participate in and feel part of the community in which they live and more likely to be able to take part if the have a right to those things that are valued in their community such as decent housing and job. Social inclusion is not treatment or care alone, this means identifying, recovery and social inclusion as explicit goals and taking the opportunity of policy initiatives both within and outside the mental health arena to work for the reduction of discrimination against service users. The complementary concepts of inclusion and their application to mental health practice, provide a significant new basis for common between multi-disciplinary team and service users. To conclude Mental Health does not exist in isolation a good Mental Health is linked to good physical health and is fundamental to achieve improved education attainment, increased employment opportunities, reduce exclusion and criminality and social participation. REFERENCE LIST BATES, P. (2002). Working for inclusion. London, Sainsbury for mental health Publication. BLOCH, A. (2002). Refugees, opportunities and barriers in employment and training. Department for Work and Pension, Research Report 179. Leeds: Corporate Document Services. BOND, G. R. (2006). Supported Employment: evidence for an evidence-based practice. Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Journal 27, pp. 345-360. CROWLEY, P. (2003). An Exploration of Mental Health Needs of Asylum-seekers in Newcastle, The Tyne, Wear and Northumberland Asylum-seeker health group. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH (2000). The expert patient. London: The stationery office. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH (2005). Delivering race equality in mental health care: An action plan for reform inside and outside services and the Government’s response to the independent inquiry into the death of David Bennett. Department of Heath (1999) National Service Framework for Mental Health: DH Department of Health (July 2009) New Horizons: Towards a shared vision for mental health consultation: http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/+/www.dh.gov.uk/en/consultations/liveconsultations/dh_103144 Disability Discrimination Act (1995) Meaning of â€Å"discrimination†. Accessed at: legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1995/50/section/20 Disability Rights Commission (2004) ‘The Web: Access and inclusion for disabled people’, at: http://joeclark.org/dossiers/DRC-GB.html Dunn, S. (199) Creating Accepting Communities: Report of the Mind Enquiry into Social Exclusion and Mental Health problems. Mind FUTURE VISION COALITION (2009). A future vision for mental health. London. The stationery office. LEFF, J and WARNER, R. (2006) Social Inclusion of People with Mental Illness. PERCY-SMITH, J. (2000). Policy Responses to Social Exclusion: Towards Inclusion? Open University Press. Maidenhead. PIERSON, J. (2002) Tackling social exclusion. PHILLIMORE, J., ERGUN, E., GOODSON, L. and HENNESSY, D. (2006). Employability initiatives for refugees in Europe: Looking at, and learning from, good practice. Report for Equal and the Home Office. Birmingham: Centre for Urban and Regional studies, University of Birmingham. REFUGEE COUNCIL ONLINE: Volunteering in Leeds. REFUGEE MEDIA ACTION (2006). Seeking asylum: a report on the living conditions of asylum-seekers in London, Migrants Resource Centre. REPPER, J. and PERKINS, R. (2001). Voting as a means social inclusion for people with mental illness. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing 9, pp. 697-703. REPPER, J. and PERKINS, R. (2003) Social Inclusion and Recovery: A Model for Mental Health Practice. Bailliere Tindall Elsevier Science Limited. ROYAL COLLEGE OF PSYCHIATRY, (2007). Improving the lives of people affected by mental illness. ROYAL COLLEGE OF PSYCHIATRISTS, (April 2009). Approved by the Central Policy Coordination Committee of the Royal College of Psychiatrists at: rcpsych.ac.uk/pdf/social%20inclusion%20position%20statement09.pdf SAYCE, L. (2000). Psychiatric patient to citizen. Overcoming Discrimination and social exclusion. London Macmillan. SAINSBURY CENTRE (2008). Briefing 35: Employment support, mental health and black and minority ethnic communities. London: Sainsbury centre for mental health. SOCIAL EXCLUSION UNIT (2004). Mental Health and Social Exclusion. London: Office of the Deputy Prime Minister. SOCIAL INCLUSION Possibilities and Tensions, (2000). Edited by: PETER, ASKONAS and ANGUS, STEWART. The Acheson Report. (November 1998) Independent Inquiry into Inequalities in Health. WADDELL, G., BURTON, K. and KENDALL, N. (2008). Vocational Rehabilitation- what works, for whom and when? London: TSO.

Research paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Research Paper Example Repeatedly through the course of the story character’s lineages are referenced: sometimes they are used as explanations for their inherent character, sometimes to exhort responsibility (as in to undo the sins of the father) and other times as explanations of their actions. Tolkien’s focus on heritage as central to constructing identity and behavior actually harken back to medieval understandings of family and identity, and are thus not really new at all. Tolkien was more than simply an excellent author, he was also a linguist and a historian (Carpenter 18). His special area of study was medieval history – he was a professor of old Norse and Old English at Oxford (Carpenter 8), and was thus familiar with many of the seminal works of that age. Critics argue that Tolkien had many sources of literary influence that emerged from the middle ages, which included â€Å"not only classical texts such as Beowulf and Piers Ploughman, but also obscure sources such as recorde d riddles, lyrics and so forth† (Livingston 130). These sources make up a great deal of the mythology of lord of the rings, and can be seen variously throughout, in everything from the riddle game that Bilbo describes (Tolkien 138) to the very structures of the world Tolkien created. The theme of family as a central aspect of defining personal characters appears, as mentioned previously, in many places throughout the work, but perhaps never so strongly as in the sections on Rohan. Rohan is an area inhabited by a warrior people who ride horses, and seem to place great importance on family. Characters identify with each other through familial relationships. The king of Rohan, for instance, calls his second in command his â€Å"Sister Son,† because he is a nephew, never referring to his rank, but only his familiar relationship (Tolkien 348). Furthermore, the king consciously places himself in line with his ancestors, calling himself the â€Å"lesser son† of a great line, but knowing that he must act in certain ways to defend his family’s honor. Finally, the very landscape they live on has been modified by familial ties, with the path up to the main city, Edoras, having massive burial mounds flanking either side, one for each of the Kings that has died (Tolkien 317). This concern with family, and many other parts of the culture of Rohan, seem to directly mirror Anglo-Saxon texts that Tolkien was well versed in. One of the most famous Old-English stories, for instance, Beowulf, opens with a long description of genealogy: â€Å"There was Shield Sheafson, scourge of many tribes †¦. Shield had fathered a famous son: Beow† who fathered Halfdane, who fathered Hrothgar, and so on and so forth (Heaney 5-7). A similar genealogy is presented for Beowulf, the titular character, when he is first described (9). The characters, similarly to the Lord of the Rings, associate with each other through familial relationships: when Beowulf meets Hrothgar, he points to their familiar relationship as a way of establishing trust and so forth (19). The Lord of The Rings is clearly a work of genius, but like any amazing literary endeavor it rests on a massive host of influences that shape many aspects of its nature. One of the most important themes in The Lord of the Rings, the defining role of familial relationships and heritage in shaping personal identity, can be traced back not

Healthcare Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Healthcare Marketing - Essay Example The follow-up is not required and no effort is made to build customer relationship. The transactional marketing relies on its quality and delivers care at sight which meets its broader objectives and goals. The relationship marketing on the other hand, relies on building constructive relations with the patients. Through newsletters and feedbacks, the healthcare organizations build trust of the patients and improve and improvise their services and products to suit the requirements of the patients. Its main focus is on acknowledging customer value and building long-term relations with the customers. The six criteria vis-Ã  -vis goal, customer contact, organizational focus, customer responsiveness, quality concern and time perspectives play significant role in relationship marketing. They provide the basic framework of relationship marketing that strengthen customers’ confidence in the service and the organization. The organizational goal changes from profit to meeting the requirements of the patients. Getting feedback from customers and keeping in touch with them is reflected in the customers’ responsiveness and higher credibility of the organization. The doctor-oriented service mainly refers to the attitude and behaviour of doctors when they are meeting or treating them. The doctors’ indifference to the appointment schedule and their lack of accountability to their patients becomes important issue within customer service in healthcare area. It is one of the major sins in the healthcare industry. The hospitals that are not transparent in their wait-list, billing or the treatment of diseases tend to lose their credibility. Transparency in the operations of healthcare services considerably inculcates trust amongst the patients. Confidential information of patients cannot be divulged to third parties without the express consent of the patients. Hospitals which tend to either disclose confidential information to third parties like research

A Review of Recessive Genetic Diseases in Cattle

A Review of Recessive Genetic Diseases in Cattle Huan Yu Introduction Cattle are susceptible to a wide range of genetic diseases. The majority of inherited genetic diseases recognized in cattle are autosomal recessive, mainly due to the practice of â€Å"line-breeding†. The defective calf receives error gene inherited from both its sire and dam. However, if the inherited mutant gene comes from only one parent, such individual usually turns out to be a carrier of the disease without any symptoms (Patel, 2010). Genetic abnormalities contribute to poor performance and structural unsoundness to semi-lethal and lethal diseases. Since most genetic diseases are breed-specific, artificial insemination a widely used technique for cattle breeding may lead to high levels of inbreeding and an inevitable increase in the prevalence of recessive defects. Hence, it is imperative to increase the awareness of genetic diseases in cattle among animal breeders and farmers. This will stimulate strategies to reduce the economic loss due to such genetic diseases in cattle. More so, genetic tests for DNA markers such as Citrullinemia and BLAD may be utilised to identify animals with inherited defects at a very young age based on PCR-RFLP marker (Gholap, Kale and Sirothia, 2014). Also, there is need for cooperation among government agencies, veterinarians, animal scientists and farmers in the control of genetic defects among commercial cattle populations, by formulating and adopting good monitoring and control measures. This paper reviews some recessive genetic diseases in cattle with particular reference to its definition, genetic cause (DNA mutation) and the clinical symptoms. Furthermore, it also discuss some best practice to control the genetic disease in breeding population of dairy and beef cattle breeds. Recessive Genetic Diseases 1. Double Muscling or Muscular Hypertrophy Animals are described a â€Å"double-muscled† (see Fig. 1) when they have a myostatin mutation. Double muscle gene is caused by the mutation of the muscle growth inhibition gene located on the second chromosomes. It is a negative regulatory factor of the skeletal muscle growth, a member of the TGF-ÃŽ ² supergene family (Fiems, 2012). McPherron et al., (1997) noticed that these diseases are mainly found in Belgian Blue and Piedmontese cattle, which usually have an incredibly muscular look even if they do not exercise. Although, DM animals are touted to be beneficial to farmers, meat industry and consumers due to their valuable carcasses, however, they are more susceptible to respiratory disease, stress and dystocia, resulting in a lower robustness. Fig. 1. A fullblood Belgian Blue bull showing the double muscling phenotype. Adapted from McPherron et al., 1997. 2. Bovine Progressive Degenerative Myeloencephalopathy (Weaver Calf) Bovine Progressive Degenerative Myeloencephalopathy (see Fig. 2) is a recessive neurological disease most commonly reported in Brown Swiss pure and crossbred cattle since the 1970’s in Northern America and Europe. It is usually caused by mutations in the EZH2 gene and some rare reported cases have implicated mutations in the NSD1 gene (Gholap, Kale and Sirothia, 2014). Clinical signs of the disease includes hind limb weakness, ataxia, and dysmetria appear in homozygous individuals around 6 months of age with a progressive weakness extending over 2-3 years. The occurrence of this disease can be determined by mapping Bos Taurus autosome (BTA) 4:46-56 Mb and a commercially available diagnostic test marker for 6 microsatellite (MS) (McClure et al., 2013). Fig. 2. Eighteen-month-old Brown heifer affected by â€Å"Weaver syndrome† Adapted from Gentile and Testoni, 2006. 3. Arachomelia Arachnomelia is a monogenic recessive disease in cattle characterized by skeletal abnormalities and usually found in Brown, German Fleckvieh-Simmental cattle (Drà ¶gemà ¼ller et al., 2010). The causative mutation is due to SUOX gene (BTA5) encoding molybdohemoprotein sulphite oxidase and deleting c.1224-1225delC (Gholap, Kale and Sirothia, 2014). The affected cattle presents with fragile, thinner and longer legs in combination with stiffened joints. The fetlock joints are deformed and the skull malformations are characterized by shortened lower jaw, pointer head (see Fig. 3). Fig. 3. Phenotype of bovine arachnomelia in Brown Swiss cattle Adapted from Drà ¶gemà ¼ller et al., 2010. 4. Neuropathic Hydroceohalus (Water Head) Hydrocephaly is an abnormal increase in the amount of cerebrospinal fluid within the cranial cavity. It is accompanied by expansion of the cerebral ventricles, enlargement of the skull and especially the forehead, and atrophy of the brain which may result in stillborn or dummy calves (Arsdall, 2011). One mutation causing NH in the descendents of GAR Precision 1680, and a popular AI sire in high marbling Angus bloodlines. This disease most commonly found in Angus and Angus infused beef cattle. Affected calves are born dead with an extremely large cranium with little or no brain material or spinal cord (see Fig. 4). It is probable that a large percentage of mortalities relating to NH occur through embryonic or fetal loss during gestation, which causes the defect to go misdiagnosed or unnoticed. Fig. 4. Deformity in a stillborn calf due to neuropathic hydrocephalus Adapted from Vetbook.org, 2013. 5. Chondrodysplasia (Dwarfism) Bovine chondrodysplastic dwarfism (BCD) is an autosomal recessive disorder with the phenotype of short limbs, joint abnormality, and ateliosis (see Fig. 5). This disorder mainly results from the mutation of a single nucleotide substitution leading to an activation of a cryptic splicing donor site and a one-base deletion resulting in a frameshift mutation (Takeda et al., 2002). Clinical signs of the disease may present with wide variation, but the main feature is reduced length of bones with an endochondral growth pattern. The Dexter cattle that inherit two copies of the ACAN mutation will abort during the third trimester, while the heterozygous individuals will show the desired miniature cattle phenotype (Arsdall, 2011). Fig. 5. An example of the degree of dwarfism expressed in carriers Adapted from Davidson, 2008. Strategies for Controlling Genetic Defects Most genetic diseases are breed-specific that can cause the huge economic losses due to poor animal performance; structural unsoundness reduces the production and reproductive potential of the animal. Consequently, it is necessary to determine the cause of inherited defects. Moreover, controlling genetic diseases, ethical and legal considerations are also important methods to minimise the genetic diseases in breeding population of dairy and beef cattle breeds. Firstly, farmers should have good breeding records for each animal which include their sire and dam, date of breeding, the date of breeding, abnormality descriptions and photos or videos and causes of death, if the farmers cannot find the reason of death, they should ask help from veterinarians or state diagnostic laboratory (Jane and Trent, 2010). Some of the recessive genetic diseases are somewhat difficult to recognise because mutant gene inherited from only one parent is usually without symptoms. Therefore, good records by breeders will help to know the causes of death in controlling diseases and good diagnosis for the congenital defects. Secondly, animals that carry a defective gene should be prevented from passing it on to their offsprings by culling. DNA testing is currently available for the genetic diseases. The calf should be made to undergo blood typing within one-month of age to allow early diagnosis of underlying disease. Importantly, Bulls or semen should be purchased from reputable breeders, produced by parents who are not known to carry undesirable genes (Schalles, Leipold and McCraw, 1914). Although, the DNA testing is a huge financial burden as well as time consuming, however, a good diagnosis from one dead calf can save many others. In the last decade, the development of DNA tests for detecting BLAND and Citrullinemia has been effective in breeding population (Gholap, Kale and Sirothia, 2014). Furthermore, seed stock producers have an obligation to be honest with the customers and to ensure that their customers understand the consequences of using offspring from know carriers. Otherwise, the breeder’s reputations will be at stake, as well as reflect negatively on the entire breed. Conclusion Genetic diseases in dairy and beef cattle affect the economics of animal breeders and farmers, and it is a long way to developing DNA tests for the diagnosis of most diseases to check the spread of undesirable genes effectively. Farmers should cooperate with the breed association, extension and university personnel and veterinarians to eliminate and avoid these problems. The government also need to raise public awareness of genetic diseases in breeding population of dairy and beef cattle breeds via social media, advertisements and journals. References Arsdall, D. V. (2011). Neuropathic Hydrocephalus (NH) Water Head [online] Available from: http://calfology.com/library/wiki/neuropathic-hydrocephalus-nh-quotwater-headquot [Accessed 12 May 2015] Arsdall, D. V. (2011). Dwarfism (Condrodysplasia) [online] Available from: http://calfology.com/library/wiki/dwarfism-condrodysplasia [Accessed 12 May 2015] Carol Davidson (2008). American Dexter Cattle Association [online] Available from: http://www.dextercattle.org/adca/adca_article_chondrodysplasia.html [Accessed 13 May 2015] Drà ¶gemà ¼ller, C., Tetens, J., Sigurdsson, S., Gentile, A., Testoni, S., Lindblad-Toh, K. and Leeb, T. (2010). ‘Identification of the Bovine Arachnomelia Mutation by Massively Parallel Sequencing Implicates Sulfite Oxidase (SUOX) in Bone Development’, PLoS Genetics, vol.6, no.8, pp.e1001079 Fiems, L. (2012). ‘Double Muscling in Cattle: Genes, Husbandry, Carcasses and Meat’, Animals, vol.2, no.4, pp.472-506 Gholap, P. N., Kale. D. S. and Sirothia. A. R. (2014). ‘Genetic Diseases in Cattle: a Review’, Research Journal of Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences, vol. 2, no. 2, pp.24-33 Gentile, A., Testoni, S. (2006). ‘Inherited disorders of cattle: a selected review’, Slov vet Res, vol.43, no.1, pp.17-29 Jane A. Parish and Trent Smith (2010) Managing Genetic Defects in Beef Cattle Herds [online] Available from: http://msucares.com/pubs/publications/p2622.pdf [Accessed 13 May 2015] McClure, M., Kim, E., Bickhart, D., Null, D., Cooper, T., Cole, J., Wiggans, G., Ajmone-Marsan, P., Colli, L., Santus, E., Liu, G., Schroeder, S., Matukumalli, L., Van Tassell, C. and Sonstegard, T. (2013) ‘Fine Mapping for Weaver Syndrome in Brown Swiss Cattle and the Identification of 41 Concordant Mutations across NRCAM, PNPLA8 and CTTNBP2’, PLoS ONE, vol.8, no.3, pp.e59251 Patel, R. K. (2010). ‘Autosomal Recessive Genetic Disorders of Cattle Breeds Worldwide-A Review’, Journal of Livestock Biodiversity, vol.2, no.1, pp.35-41 Schalles, R. R., Leipold, H. W., McCraw, R. L. (1914). Congenital Defects in cattle [online] Available from: http://www.iowabeefcenter.org/Beef%20Cattle%20Handbook/Congenital_Defects_Cattle.pdf [Accessed 13 May 2015] Vetbook.org (2013) Neuropathic hydrocephalus – Cow [online] Available from: http://vetbook.org/wiki/cow/index.php/Neuropathic_hydrocephalus [Accessed 13 May 2015]

Childhood and Memories poetry Essay

Carol Ann Duffy was born in 1955 and has four brothers; she grew up in Staffordshire with a strong religious upbringing. At fourteen she decided to become a poet and has written ever since. A lot of her works look at growing up and past experiences especially from childhood. Most of these poems are published in her 1993 book of poetry, â€Å"Mean Time†. I am going to concentrate on five of her poems; â€Å"The Captain of the 1964 Top of the Form Team†, â€Å"Litany†, â€Å"Stafford Afternoons†, â€Å"Brothers† and â€Å"Prayer†. One of the most obvious points that stand out in all of Duffy’s poems is religion and it isn’t surprising having gone to catholic schools since the age of seven! The poem â€Å"Litany† has a clear religious meaning with the title having Christian references; a litany in the church is a list of people who the congregation pray for in a time of need. By Litany, I believe that Carol Ann Duffy is actually trying to portray the things that really stood out in her childhood, a good example of this could be the first litany in the poem, â€Å"candlewick bedspread three piece suite display cabinet†. Perhaps Duffy was often old of for damaging her mother’s sofa or can remember her mother tidying up the house and the bedspread for visitors. Another poem with religious iconography is â€Å"Brothers†, in which Carol Ann Duffy describes her four siblings, on of which is illustrated as â€Å"an alter boy† I believe she is trying to tell the reader that they lived solitary lives and didn’t have a very active social live inside or outside the family. This is because of the portrayal of her other brothers, â€Å"a boy practising scales†, â€Å"a boy playing tennis with a wall† and â€Å"a baby crying†. If you look at these collectively you can see that these are quite lonesome activities and events, none of them involve other people. My final example of religious connotations is in â€Å"Prayer†, most of the poem is in iambic pentameter and I believe that this is trying to show that religion can bring order in to a hectic lifestyle. The poem is about loosing faith but still having hope and a type of sub-conscious faith in your mind. The rhythmic structure along with the religious connotations throughout the poem give hope to reader by allowing us to believe that the poet has suffered the same as you and has got through their experiences and are here to remember them. Carol Ann Duffy also uses the effect of the senses on the reader, my first example of this is in â€Å"Litany†; the poet uses taste to relieve the memory of being disciplined. â€Å"The taste of soap† is quite a strong image that, unfortunately, most people can remember from being in the shower or having a wash! The use of senses gives the reader the chance to really imagine themselves in the poet’s shoes and gives the poem a more realistic picture. In â€Å"Brothers†, Carol Ann Duffy uses another sense; hearing to emphasis her mothers repetitive comments about children and her wishes to be a grandmother but then finding out that Duffy was a lesbian. I believe that the phase â€Å"I hear her life in the words† obviously this is a turning point in Duffy’s life; telling your mother your gay isn’t the easiest thing in the world! And the use of senses here shows how much this experience really did stand out. These two examples are quite obvious but the final one is a little more subtle. It is again in Litany and is synaesthesia, it mixes more than one sense, Duffy explains how a butterfly moves into her hands, â€Å"a butterfly stammered into my curious hands† here the two senses being used are touch, the butterfly crawling onto her hands and voice in the word stammering it is a piece of onomatopoeia. Synaesthesing allows the audience to imagine one thing, in this case someone stammering and put it into another situation, a butterfly crawling and flapping its wings. This gives the all important realistic picture.